Imaging of the Craniovertebral Junction

Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities involve the osseous structures and the contained nervous system. Advances in multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided better insight into the normal anatomy and pathology of this complex area. Computed tomography and MRI have complementary roles. The former provides excellent delineation of osseous structures while the latter allows visualization of soft tissues and the nervous system. In this article we discuss the normal development and anatomy of the CVJ followed by common pathologies.