A segmented form of foot-and-mouth disease virus interferes with standard virus: A link between interference and competitive fitness

Serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in BHK-21 cells at high multiplicity of infection resulted in dominance of particles containing defective RNAs that were infectious by complementation in the absence of standard viral RNA. In the present study, we show that the defective FMDV particles interfere with replication of the cognate standard virus. Coinfections of defective FMDV with standard FMDV mutants that differ up to 151-fold in relative fitness have documented that the degree of interference is higher for low fitness than for high fitness standard virus. These comparisons suggest a likely overlap between those mechanisms of intracellular competition that underlie viral interference and those expressed as fitness differences between two viruses when they coinfect the same cells. Interference may contribute to the selective pressures that help maintain dominance of segmented defective RNAs over the standard FMDV genome.