Retention of perceptual generalization of fear extinction

• Differential spontaneous recovery of fear was observed 24 h following extinction in a paradigm with a panic-relevant US.
• Also retention of fear extinction generalization was observed 24 h after extinction
• No perceptual gradient of fear extinction generalization was observed.
• Spontaneous recovery and retention of fear extinction generalization were the most prominent in US-expectancy ratings.

Fear reduction obtained during a fear extinction procedure can generalize from the extinction stimulus to other perceptually similar stimuli. Perceptual generalization of fear extinction typically follows a perceptual gradient, with increasing levels of fear reduction the more a stimulus resembles the extinction stimulus. The current study aimed to investigate whether perceptual generalization of fear extinction can be observed also after a retention interval of 24 h. Fear was acquired to three geometrical figures of different sizes (CS+, CS1+ and CS2+) by consistently pairing them with a short-lasting suffocation experience (US). Three other geometrical figures that were never followed by the US served as control stimuli (CS−, CS1−, CS2−). Next, only the CS+ was extinguished by presenting it in the absence of the US. One day later, fear responses to all stimuli were assessed without any US-presentation. Outcome measures included startle blink EMG, skin conductance, US expectancy, respiratory rate and tidal volume. On day 2 spontaneous recovery of fear was observed in US expectancy and tidal volume, but not in the other outcomes. Evidence for the retention of fear extinction generalization was present in US expectancy and skin conductance, but a perceptual gradient in the retention of generalized fear extinction could not be observed.