Arthroplasty membrane-derived fibroblasts directly induce osteoclast formation and osteolysis in aseptic loosening

Conclusion: Our results indicate that fibroblasts in periprosthetic tissues are capable of inducing the differentiation of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mature osteoclasts by a mechanism that involves both RANKL and TNFα. Suppression of both RANKL and inflammatory cytokines is likely to be required to control periprosthetic osteolysis.