Influence of swelling on water transport through PVA-based membrane

The presence of charged groups in polymers and the down stream pressure influence potentially to improve membrane selectivity. Substitution of anionic and cationic charged groups to PVA membrane, such as PVA-N and PVA-It, influenced to flux and separation factor. PVA-It membrane processes the lowest flux, caused by the strong interaction between polymer chain due to the present of dicarboxyl groups, however the hydrophilic anionic groups promoted high selectivity of PVA-It to water.