Steroidhormone receptors as targets for the therapy of breast and prostate cancer-recent advances, mechanisms of resistance, and new approaches

Advanced prostate cancer is effectively treated by androgen ablation. However, this therapy becomes inefficient although the androgen receptor (AR) is still functionally expressed. One novel strategy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer could be the selective inhibition of AR protein expression by anti-sense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. Down-regulation of the human AR caused significant inhibition of LNCaP prostate cancer growth in vivo. Taken together, many promising alternatives for endocrine therapy of breast and prostate cancer are arising.