Keywords: Carbon deficiency stress; carbon???nitrogen metabolism; coordinated regulation; metabolomics; transcriptomics; PCA; principal component analysis; OPLS-DA; orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis; C; carbon; N; nitrogen; TEM; transmission el
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Keywords: Antioxidant; Cultivar; Environment; Gene expression; Pineapple; Reactive oxygen species; Non-climacteric ripening; βtub; beta tubulin; 60sRP; 60s RP; MT3a; MT3 Metallothionein; MT3b; MT3 Metallothionein; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4
Keywords: GO; gene ontology; COG; clusters of orthologous group; KEGG; Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; PAL; phenylalanine ammonialyase; C4H; cinnamate acid 4hydroxylase; 4CL; 4âcoumarateâCoA ligase; CHS; chalcone synthase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; F3H;
Keywords: Breeding methods; Chrysanthemum morifolium; CRISPR/Cas9; Genome editing; Ornamental plants; Transgenic technologies; 4CL; 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase; C3H; coumarate 3-hydroxylase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CCD4; carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4; C
Keywords: Vaccinium; Transcriptome; Flavonoid biosynthesis; Anthocyanin biosynthesis; Fruit development; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; BB; blue-stage Bluecrop fruit; BBP; pulp of blue, ripe-stage Bluecrop cultivar fruit; BBS; skin of blu
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; ADT; arogenate dehydratase; AIC; Akaike's Information Criteria; C4H; cinnamate 4-hyrdoxylase; CA; cinnamate; CCR; cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; FCC; flux control coefficient; HCT; hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl t
Glyceollins: Soybean phytoalexins that exhibit a wide range of health-promoting effects
Keywords: 3T3-L1; mouse fibroblast cell line; 4CL; 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase; ABTS; 2,2â²-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate); ACC; acetyl-coA carboxylase; AKT; protein kinase B; AMPK; adenosine-monophosphate kinase; Ang-1; angiopoietin-1; BCRP; breast
Keywords: ABST; 2,2â²-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate); AP2/ERF; APETELA2/ethylene responsive factor; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CC; N-terminal coiled-coil; COG; clusters of orthologous groups; FC; fold change; FDR; false discovery rate; GO; gene
Keywords: PAL; phenylalanine ammonia lyase; PPO; polyphenol oxidase; 4Cl; 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CK; control; EL; electrolyte leakage; PVPP; polyvinyl polypyrrolidone; NaOCl; sodium hypochlorite; Fresh-cut potato; Browning; Cur
Keywords: Chilling stress; Flavonoids; Flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein; Reactive oxygen species; Tomato; Transgenic tobacco; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; APX; ascorbate peroxidase; C4H; cinnamate4-hydroxylase; CHI; chalcone isomera
Keywords: Anthocyanin composition; Purple kidney bean; Molecular regulation; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS; DAA; days after anthesis; FW; fresh weight; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CHS; chalcone synthase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; F3H; flavone 3-
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase; ADME/T; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (and toxicity); BIA; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CoA; coenzyme A; CRISPR/Cas9; clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CR
Keywords: PAL; phenylalanine ammonium lyase; C4H; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; F3H; flavanone-3-hydroxylase; F3â²H; flavonoid-3â²-hydroxylase; ANS; antho
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; APX; ascorbate peroxidase; COMT; caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CAD; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; DFR; dihydroflavonol
Keywords: PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone-synthase; CHR; chalcone reductase; G2-DT; glycinol 2-dimethylallyl transferase; G4-DT; glycinol 4-dimethylallyl
Anthocyanins accumulation and molecular analysis of correlated genes by metabolome and transcriptome in green and purple asparaguses (Asparagus officinalis, L.)
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumarateCoA ligase; ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; DHK; dihydrokaempferol; F3H; flavone 3-hydroxylase; F3â²H; flavonoid 3â²-hydroxylase;
Effects of cold stress on transcripts and metabolites in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Keywords: ANR; anthocyanidin reductase; ANS; anthocyanin synthase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; 4CL; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; DPPH; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; F3H; flavanone 3-hydr
Changes in the physiological characteristics and baicalin biosynthesis metabolism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under drought stress
Keywords: SBG; Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; MDA; malondialdehyde; Pro; proline; SS; soluble sugar; SP; soluble protein; SO; Dsuperoxide dismutase; PO; Dperoxidase; CAT; catalase; APX; ascorbate peroxidase; GR; glutathione reductase; PAL; Phenylalanine ammonialya
GABA enhances physio-biochemical metabolism and antioxidant capacity of germinated hulless barley under NaCl stress
Keywords: GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; GAD; glutamate decarboxylase; GABA-T; GABA transaminase; P5CS; pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; PDH; proline dehydrogenase; TCA; trichloroacetic acid; ABTS; 2,2â²-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid; DPPH; 2,2-di
De novo transcriptome assembly, gene expressions and metabolites for flower color variation of two garden species in Brassicaceae
Keywords: ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; bHLH; basic-helix-loop-helix; CHS; chalcone synthase; C4H; cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; CHI; chalcone Isomerase; DEGs; differentially expressed genes; DFR; dihydroflavonol4-reductase; EGL3; enhancer of
Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of highlighted induction of phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism of citrus fruit in response to salicylic acid, Pichia membranaefaciens and oligochitosan
Keywords: PAL; phenylalanine ammonialyase; POD; peroxidase; PPO; polyphenoloxidas; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4- coumarate: coenzyme A ligase; SA; salicylic acid; DEGs; differentially expressed genes; Salicylic acid; Pichia membranaefaciens; Oligochitosan;
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of white and red Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) fruits reveals flavonoid biosynthesis regulation
Keywords: PAs; proanthocyanidins; ANR; anthocyanidin reductase; MYB; Myeloblastosis proto-oncogene; bHLH; basic helix-loop-helix; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate CoA ligase; CHS; chalcone synthase; CHI; chalcone isom
Synergistic effect of abscisic acid and ethylene on color development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit
Keywords: ABA; abscisic acid; ABRE; cis-acting element involved in the abscisic acid responsiveness; CHS; chalcone synthase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; DXS; deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase; ERE; ethylene-responsive element; FLS; flavonol synthase; FPKM; fragm
Modular organization analysis of specific naringin/neoeriocitrin related gene expression induced by UVC irradiation in Drynaria roosii
Keywords: bHLH; basic helix-loop-helix; C3H; p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; C3'H; p-coumarate 3â²-hydroxylase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; 4CL; 4-coumarate CoA ligase; CNR; new rhizome; CNRCK; new rhizome treated fo
Identification of 'Xinlimei' radish candidate genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis based on a transcriptome analysis
Keywords: DEG; Differentially Expressed Genes; KEGG; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; PAL; Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase; C4H; Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-Coumarate CoA Ligase; CHS; Chalcone Synthase; CHI; Chalcone Isomerase; F3H; Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase;
CsMYB5a and CsMYB5e from Camellia sinensis differentially regulate anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
Keywords: EC; epicatechin; C; catechin; GC; gallocatechin; EGC; epigallocatechin; ECG; epicatechin gallate; EGCG; epigallocatechin gallate; PAs; proanthocyanidins; EC glucoside; EC-Glu; HPLC; high-performance liquid chromatography; UV-vis; ultraviolet visible; UP
Changes in lignin biosynthesis and monomer composition in response to benzothiadiazole and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection in tomato
Keywords: BTH; benzothiadiazole; C3H; p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; dpi; days post inoculation; F5H; coniferylaldehyde 5-hydroxylase; GC; giant cell; HCT; hydroxycinamoyl transferase; J2; second-stage juvenile
Elevated CO2 induces alteration in lignin accumulation in celery (Apium graveolens L.)
Keywords: Elevated CO2; Lignin; Development; Gene expression; Leaves; Apium graveolens L; 4CL; 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase; C3â²H; p-Coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3â²-hydroxylase; C4H; Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CAD; Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; CCoAOMT; Caffeoyl-CoA O
Identification of candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) fruits by transcriptomic analysis
Keywords: ABA; abscisic acid; ANS/LDOX; anthocyanidin synthase/leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; bHLH; basic Helix-Loop-Helix; C4H; cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; CHS; chalcone synthase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; COG; Clusters of Orthologous Groups database; Cytb5; cytochro
Biochemical characterization of a key step involved in 2H4MB production in Decalepis hamiltonii
Keywords: 2H4MB; 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxy Benzaldehyde; MDCA; 3,4-(methylenedioxy)-cinnamic acid; C4H; Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4-CL; 4-Coumarate CoA ligase; FC reagent; Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent; DCM; Dichloro Methane; NAA; 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; IBA; Indole-3-b
AgFNS overexpression increase apigenin and decrease anthocyanins in petioles of transgenic celery
Keywords: ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; Cb; carbenicillin; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; C4H; cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; FNS; flavone synthase; F3H; flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3'H; flavanone 3'-hydroxylase; Hn; hyg
Umbelliferone: Sources, chemistry and bioactivities review
Keywords: UMB; Umbelliferone; EI-MS; Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry; NMR; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; UV/Vis; Ultraviolet-Visible; HPLC-UV; High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Ultraviolet Detector; HP-TLC; High Performance Thin Layer Chromatograp
Chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in flesh and skin of Andean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena)
Keywords: qRT-PCR; quantitative real time PCR; HPLC-DAD; High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection; CGA; chlorogenic acid; CA; caffeic acid; PAL; phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; HCT; hy
Original Research ArticleMetabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties
Keywords: CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; CH3H; chalcone 3-hydroxylase; CPR; cytochrome P450 reductase; CYP; cytochrome P450; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; DBR; double bond reductase; DHC; dihydrochalcone; EMA; European Medicine Agency; FDA; Food a
Original articleWater deficit stress fluctuates expression profiles of 4Cl, C3H, COMT, CVOMT and EOMT genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of volatile phenylpropanoids alongside accumulation of methylchavicol and methyleugenol in different Iranian c
Keywords: ANOVA; analysis of variance; COMT; caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; CAD; cinnamoyl alcohol dehydrogenase; CCR; cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CAAT; coniferyl alchol acyl transferase; C3H; p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarat
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of chalcone synthase from Syringa oblata Lindl. in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway
Keywords: CHS; Chalcone synthase; CHI; chalcone isomerase; C4H; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; F3H; flavanone 3-hydrxylase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; 3GT; flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase; MYB; myeloblastosis, a transcription facto
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves from Clematis terniflora DC. under high level of ultraviolet-B irradiation followed by dark treatment
Keywords: ACL; ATP-citrate lyase; AH; aconitate hydratase; CCD; carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase; CCR; cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CHS; chalcone synthase; COMT; caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase; CS; citrate synthase; CMS; chorismate synthase; C4H; trans-cinnamate 4-m
Potential of Synechocystis PCC 6803 as a novel cyanobacterial chassis for heterologous expression of enzymes in the trans-resveratrol biosynthetic pathway
Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Heterologous expression; Synechocystis PCC 6803; Trans-resveratrol; C4H; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; chl a; chlorophyll a; 4CL; coumaroyl CoA-ligase; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PBS; phosphate-buffered saline; PBST; PBS containing Tw
Expression of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway genes in oil palm roots during infection by Ganoderma boninense
Keywords: RWB; rubber wood block; cDNA; complementary DNA; Cp; crossing point; 6Â mpi; six months post inoculation; 14Â mpi; 14Â months post inoculation; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; COMT; caffeic O-m
Enhanced extracellular production of trans-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension cultured cells by using cyclodextrins and coronatine
Keywords: Coronatine; Cyclodextrins; Gene expression; Grapevine suspension-cultured cells; trans-resveratrol; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; Cor; coronatine; DW; dry weight; FW; fresh weight; JA-Ile; isoleucine-conjugated form of jasmo
Transcriptional profiling by DDRT-PCR analysis reveals gene expression during seed development in Carya cathayensis Sarg.
Keywords: Hickory; Differential mRNA display; Fatty acid synthesis; Gene differential expression; BAP; BCR-associated protein; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; DAP; days after pollination; DDRT-PCR; differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction;
Characterisation of the willow phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family reveals expression differences compared with poplar
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; C4H; trans-cinnamate 4 monooxygenase; KFB; Kelch repeat F-box; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; SNP; single-nucleotide polymorphism; YFP; yellow fluorescent protein; l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL); Salix viminalis (willo
Heterologous production of caffeic acid from tyrosine in Escherichia coli
Keywords: TAL; tyrosine ammonia lyase; C3H; 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H; cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4HPA3H; hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase; 4CL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; MCSs; multiple cloning sites; PCR; polymerase chain react
Overexpression of two R2R3-MYB genes from Scutellaria baicalensis induces phenylpropanoid accumulation and enhances oxidative stress resistance in transgenic tobacco
Keywords: Abiotic stress; Enzyme activity; Gene expression; MYB transcription factor; WT; wild type; ABA; abscisic acid; ROS; reactive oxygen species; SOD; superoxide dismutase; APX; ascorbate peroxidase; CAT; catalase; GR; glutathione reductase; PAL; phenylalanine
How do background ozone concentrations affect the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in Melissa officinalis?
Keywords: 4CL; 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase; C4H; cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; CoA; coenzyme A; EF1α; elongation factor 1 alpha; FBE; from beginning of exposure; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; pHPL; 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid; HPPR; hydroxyphenylpyruvate reduc
Enzymatic and metabolic engineering for efficient production of syringin, sinapyl alcohol 4-O-glucoside, in Arabidopsis thaliana
Keywords: OE; overexpression; HPLC; high performance liquid chromatography; PSPG; Putative Secondary Plant Glycosyltransferase; UGT; UDP-glucose:alcohol glucosyltransferase; F5H; ferulate 5-hydroxylase; PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
Metabolomics deciphers the host resistance mechanisms in wheat cultivar Sumai-3, against trichothecene producing and non-producing isolates of Fusarium graminearum
Keywords: Deoxynivalenol; Fusarium head blight; Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids; Quantitative resistance; Sumai-3; Trichothecenes non-producing mutants (Tri5-); AUDPC; Area Under the Disease Progress Curve; C4H; Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CAD; Cinnamoyl alcohol dehyd
Increased accumulation of anthocyanins in Fragaria chiloensis fruits by transient suppression of FcMYB1 gene
Keywords: ANOVA; analysis of variance; ANR; anthocyanidin reductase; ANS; anthocyanidin synthase; C4H; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CTAB; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CHI; chalcone isomerase; CHS; chalcone synthase; DFR; dihydroflavonol reductase; daa; days after an
Methyl jasmonate treatment induces changes in fruit ripening by modifying the expression of several ripening genes in Fragaria chiloensis fruit
Keywords: Chilean strawberry; Fruit ripening; Jasmonates; Anthocyanin and lignin biosynthesis; Cell wall modification; Gene expression analysis; 4CL; 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; ABA; abscisic acid; ACO; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase; ACS; 1-aminocyclopropan
Contents of therapeutic metabolites in Swertia chirayita correlate with the expression profiles of multiple genes in corresponding biosynthesis pathways
Keywords: 7-DLGT; 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyl transferase; 8-HGO; 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase; AAC; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AACT; acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; ADH; arogenate dehydrogenase; ADT; prephenate dehydratase; C3H; p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; C4H; trans