Heterologous production of caffeic acid from tyrosine in Escherichia coli

- Escherichia coli was engineered for the production of caffeic acid.
- Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) converted 3 mM of tyrosine to 2.62 mM p-coumaric acid.
- TAL and 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) converted tyrosine in 1 mM caffeic acid.
- This is the first study that shows caffeic acid production using TAL and CYP199A2.
- TAL and CYP199A2 converted tyrosine in 1.56 mM caffeic acid.