
Keywords: Protodioscin; High fructose feeding; Renal injury; Inflammatory; MAPK pathway; Allo; allopurinol; BUN; blood urea nitrogen; CKD; chronic kidney disease; CMC-Na; carboxymethylcellulose sodium; Cr; creatinine; Dio; diosgenin; DR; Dioscoreae rhizome; ERK; ex