Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization

The grain yield of buckwheat did not respond to N fertilization and averaged 1425 kg ha−1. N uptake increased only slightly with N fertilization. NUtE ranged from 16.1 to 20.0 kg kg−1. Main problems occurring with the application of N to buckwheat were grain scattering and lodging.