Long-term effects of establishment practices on plant communities across successive rotations in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation

▶ Species composition in 2nd and 3rd rotations converged 20 years after establishment. ▶ Effects of intensive management practices diminished by the time of canopy closure. ▶ The 3rd rotation had higher diversity because early successional species persisted. ▶ Soil and topography differences persisted through both rotations.