Glucocorticoid and androgen signaling pathways diverge between advertisement calling and non-calling fish

► Steroid signaling pathways diverge between humming and non-humming male midshipman fish. ► Humming males have higher plasma androgen, but lower cortisol, levels than non-humming males. ► Vocal muscles of humming and non-humming males diverge in 11βHSD mRNA expression levels. ► Vocal muscles of the two groups of males diverge in androgen receptor mRNA levels. ► Vocal muscles of the two groups of males diverge in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels.