Public perceptions of freshwater wetlands in Victoria, Australia

► We reveal what people 'see' when they perceive freshwater wetlands in Victoria, Australia. ► Wetland content, composition, structure, context and landscape character guided perceptions. ► Perceptual cognitive structure had four dimensions-water, trees, water quality, and habitat value. ► Perceptible realm for wetlands extended beyond visible landscape patterns. ► Attention to cognitive structure can enhance communication and wetland management.