Superconductivity, structure visualization, mechanical strength promotion and Raman spectra of hafnium-doped-123-YBCO synthesized via urea precursor route

► Stabilizing oxygen content by using extra oxygen resulted from HfO2. ► Understanding the interactions of Hf(IV) with YBCO and its effect on different vibrational modes. ► Promotion of the mechanical properties of 123-YBCO specially mechanical tensile. ► Application of hafnium as softener material to increase ductility of YBCO.