Fetuin-A (α2HS-glycoprotein) is a serum chemo-attractant that also promotes invasion of tumor cells through Matrigel

The present study was conducted to determine whether fetuin-A, a dominant serum protein plays a role in chemo-attraction and chemo-invasion of carcinoma cells in vitro. Serum is normally used as positive chemotaxis control in Boyden chamber motility assays, prompting the need to identify the factor/s in serum that contributes the bulk of chemo-taxis and invasion. Serum has a plethora of chemotactic factors including stromal derived factor 1 also known as CXCL12. Using highly purified fetuin-A, we compared its chemo-attraction potential to culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. We also investigated its ability to attract tumor cells through a bed of Matrigel (invasion assay). We demonstrated, using similar concentration range of fetuin-A found in blood, that it robustly supports both directed chemo-attraction and invasion of breast tumor cells. More importantly, we showed that at low concentrations (fetuin-A coated wells) itinteracts synergistically with CXCL12 to promote chemotaxis. The presence of plasminogen (PL) blunted the fetuin-A mediated chemotaxis. Taken together, the data suggest an in vivo chemotaxis/invasion role for fetuin-A.