Honokiol induces caspase-independent paraptosis via reactive oxygen species production that is accompanied by apoptosis in leukemia cells

► Honokiol induces a novel non-apoptotic programmed cell death in leukemia cells. ► The form of cell death is consistent with the morphologic criteria of paraptosis. ► Honokiol-induced paraptosis is partially associated with reactive oxygen species. ► Honokiol-induced paraptosis is accompanied by apoptosis in leukemia cells. ► Targeting paraptosis may be an alternative avenue for honokiol in leukemia therapy.