Effect of heparin and alendronate coating on titanium surfaces on inhibition of osteoclast and enhancement of osteoblast function

► We examine bone metabolism of engineered alendronate attached to Ti surfaces. ► Alendronate-immobilized Ti enhances activation of osteoblast differentiation. ► Alendronate-immobilized Ti inhibits osteoclast differentiation. ► Alendronate-immobilized Ti may be a bioactive implant with dual functions.