The human insulin mRNA is partly translated via a cap- and eIF4A-independent mechanism

► The polypyrimidine tract binding protein binds to the 5′-UTR of the insulin mRNA. ► Insulin mRNA can be translated via a cap-independent mechanism. ► The fraction cap-independent insulin synthesis increases during conditions of stress. ► The β-cell is able to uphold basal insulin biosynthesis under conditions of stress.