Rotational catalysis in proton pumping ATPases: From E. coli F-ATPase to mammalian V-ATPase

►Rotational catalysis of E. coli F-ATPase is discussed. ►We found stochastic rotational behavior including inhibited and active states. ►The flat energy landscape is important in the high efficiency of energy coupling. ►Mutational studies indicated important domain for βγ interaction and catalysis. ►We have discussed our recent studies on V-ATPase.