The multiplicity of hairy root cultures: Prolific possibilities

▶ Recent studies using elicitors, culture condition modeling, and transgenic hairy root cultures have led to improved phytochemical production in many species. ▶ The optimization of bioreactors and engineered extra-cellular secretion to the culture medium continues to enhance recombinant protein production and extraction. ▶ Biosynthetic, regulatory, and transporter genes involved in secondary metabolism have been identified and their functions explored in hairy root cultures. ▶ Hairy root cultures continue to burgeon as a diverse tool for various applications.