Human papillomavirus, lichen sclerosus and penile cancer: A study in Belgium

► Age difference (p = 0.009) between patients with PeIN and with IPC. ► 71% of cases in Belgium carried HPV DNA: this is high. ► HPV 6 was found solely in one IPC; HPV 11 in one IPC and one PeIN. ► LrHPV was part of a multiple infection (4 × PeIN): onco-pathologic or innocent? ► Lichen slerosus is equally present in HPV positive and HPV negative samples.