Improvement of the PapMV nanoparticle adjuvant property through an increased of its avidity for the antigen [influenza NP]

► A vaccine formulation containing influenza NP and the PapMV VLPs provide protection to influenza infection. ► The increased affinity of PapMV VLPs for NP improves significantly the IgG2a titres to the NP. ► The increased affinity of the PapMV VLPs for NP improves significantly the IFN-γ secretion by T cells.