Dose sparing and enhanced immunogenicity of inactivated rotavirus vaccine administered by skin vaccination using a microneedle patch

► Skin vaccination induced generally higher IgG and neutralizing titers than IM delivery. ► Skin immunization showed significant dose sparing effects. ► Skin and IM immunization induced memory response of dendritic cells in the spleen. ► Established the proof of concept for inactivated rotavirus vaccine using a MN patch.