Is there a future for a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine?

► All attempts at active or passive immunization against S. aureus have failed. ► S. aureus lack a well-defined, single virulence factor. ► This lack of a clear target has hampered the development of a successful vaccine. ► All vaccine trials have been based upon protection to antibody levels. ► Th17/IL-17 has now been found to provide protective immunity.