Dual targeting of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the apicoplast and cytosol in Plasmodium falciparum

► Plasmodium falciparum AlaRS, GlyRS and ThrRS are dual targeted to the apicoplast and cytosol. ► An inhibitor of apicoplast IleRS, mupirocin, inhibits apicoplast growth and division. ► An inhibitor of dual targeted ThrRS, borrelidin, has no observable organellar effect.