Synergistic effect of the simultaneous chemometric analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic and stable isotope (SNIF-NMR, 18O, 13C) data: Application to wine analysis

• 1H NMR profilings of 718 wines were fused with stable isotope analysis data (SNIF-NMR, 18O, 13C).
• The best improvement was obtained for prediction of the geographical origin of wine.
• Certain enhancement was also obtained for the year of vintage (from 88 to 97% for 1H NMR to 99% for the fused data).
• Independent component analysis was used as an alternative chemometric tool for classification.

It is known that 1H NMR spectroscopy represents a good tool for predicting the grape variety, the geographical origin, and the year of vintage of wine. In the present study we have shown that classification models can be improved when 1H NMR profiles are fused with stable isotope (SNIF-NMR, 18O, 13C) data. Variable selection based on clustering of latent variables was performed on 1H NMR data. Afterwards, the combined data of 718 wine samples from Germany were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) and independent components analysis (ICA). Moreover, several specialized multiblock methods (common components and specific weights analysis (ComDim), consensus PCA and consensus PLS-DA) were applied to the data.The best improvement in comparison with 1H NMR data was obtained for prediction of the geographical origin (up to 100% for the fused data, whereas stable isotope data resulted only in 60–70% correct prediction and 1H NMR data alone in 82–89% respectively). Certain enhancement was obtained also for the year of vintage (from 88 to 97% for 1H NMR to 99% for the fused data), whereas in case of grape varieties improved models were not obtained.The combination of 1H NMR data with stable isotope data improves efficiency of classification models for geographical origin and vintage of wine and can be potentially used for other food products as well.

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