Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

We have developed a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). PFOA and PFOS were separated within 10 min by high-performance liquid chromatography using an Inertsil ODS-3 column and 10 mM ammonium acetate/methanol (35/65, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min−1. Electrospray ionization conditions in the negative ion mode were optimized for MS detection of PFOA and PFOS. The optimum in-tube SPME conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles with a sample size of 40 μL using a CP-Pora PLOT amine capillary column as the extraction device. The extracted compounds could be desorbed easily from the capillary by passage of the mobile phase, and no carryover was observed. Using the in-tube SPME LC–MS method, good linearity of the calibration curve (r = 0.9990 for PFOA, r = 0.9982 for PFOS) was obtained in the range of 0.05–5 ng mL−1 each compound. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for PFOA and PFOS were 1.5 and 3.2 pg mL−1, respectively. The method described here showed about 100-fold higher sensitivity than the direct injection method. The within-day and between-day precisions (relative standard deviations) were below 3.7 and 6.0%, respectively. This method was applied successfully to the analysis of PFOA and PFOS in environmental water samples and to the elution test from a Teflon®-coated frying pan without interference peaks. The recoveries of PFOA and PFOS spiked into river samples were above 81%, and PFOA was detected at pg mL−1 levels in environmental water samples and eluate from the frying pan.