Automatic detection of reaction start/endpoints in chemical and biotechnological reaction systems

For the simulated data, the best model is obtained with four latent variables and mean-centered data. The classification efficiency for a validation set of five experiments is 99.0% and the delay for the endpoint detection is about 1 min which corresponds to the sampling time. For the measured data, the best model is obtained with five latent variables and pre-treatment using standard normal variate. The classification efficiency for a validation set of two experiments is 95.9% and the delay for the endpoint detection is about 8 min for typical batch duration of 250 min.