Preparation of Fe3O4@C@PANI magnetic microspheres for the extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds in water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

In this work, core–shell structure Fe3O4@C@polyaniline magnetic microspheres were synthesized using simple hydrothermal reactions. The carbon-coated magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@C) were first synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction, and then aniline was polymerized on the magnetic core via another hydrothermal reaction. Then, the obtained Fe3O4@C@polyaniline magnetic microspheres were applied as magnetic adsorbents for the extraction of aromatic molecules due to π–π interactions between polyaniline shell and aromatic compounds. In our study, five kinds of phenols including phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were selected as the model analytes to verify the extraction ability of Fe3O4@C@PANI microspheres. After derivatization, the phenols were detected using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant parameters affecting enrichment efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method was evaluated, and applied to the analysis of phenols in real water samples. The results demonstrated that our proposed method based on Fe3O4@C@polyaniline magnetic microspheres had good linearity (r2 > 0.991), and limits of quantification (2.52–29.7 ng/mL), high repeatability (RSD < 13.1%) and good recovery (85.3–110.6%).