Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triclosa

A novel, simple and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) technique coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed for the determination of triclosan and its degradation product 2,4-dichlorophenol in real water samples. The extraction solvent used in this work is of low density, low volatility, low toxicity and proper melting point around room temperature. The extractant droplets can be collected easily by solidifying it at a lower temperature. Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, including type and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, salt effect, pH and extraction time, were investigated and optimized in a 5 mL sample system by HPLC–UV. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent: 12 μL of 1-dodecanol; dispersive solvent: 300 of μL acetonitrile; sample pH: 6.0; extraction time: 1 min), the limits of detection (LODs) of the pretreatment method combined with LC–MS/MS were in the range of 0.002–0.02 μg L−1 which are lower than or comparable with other reported approaches applied to the determination of the same compounds. Wide linearities, good precisions and satisfactory relative recoveries were also obtained. The proposed technique was successfully applied to determine triclosan and 2,4-dichlorophenol in real water samples.