Preparative separation of a terpenoid and alkaloids from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. using high-performance counter-current chromatography: Comparison of various elution and operating strategies

This paper describes how high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) was used strategically for the separation of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Due to the complexity of Chinese herbal medicines, the initial ethanol crude extract was fractionated into seven fractions using medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). One terpenoid (triptolide) and three alkaloids (peritassine A, wilforgine and wilforine) were further separated from one of the MPLC fractions. This fraction (1.25 g) yielded 8 mg of triptolide and 28 mg of peritassines A after one HPCCC column pass and 30 mg of wilforgine and 120 mg of wilforine after a second column pass with respective purities of 97%, 93.6%, 95.0% and 94.4%, which were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This was a one-step HPCCC separation, using an n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (4:5:4:5, v/v) solvent system, where increases in theoretical plates have been sacrificed in favour of increasing throughput. Structures were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Comparison of three different modes of eluting compounds retained in the liquid stationary phase: elution extrusion; dual mode and simple pump-out showed that simply pumping out the column contents at high flow gave better resolution and was eight times faster than the other two well-utilised methods. Triptolide and peritassines A were isolated for the first time from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.