Supercritical fluid extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. and purification by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait. (Kushen). An orthogonal test L9(3)4 including pressure, temperature, flow rate of CO2 and the amount of modifier was performed to get the optimal conditions. The process was then scaled up by 30 times with a preparative SFE system under 25 MPa, 50 °C and a flow rate of CO2 (2 l/min) and the amount of modifier (0.04 ml/min). The crude extracts were separated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform–methanol–2.3 × 10−2 M NaH2PO4 (27.5:20:12.5, v/v), and the collected fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three kinds of quinolizidine alkaloids were obtained, yielding 10.02 mg of matrine, 22.07 mg of oxysophocarpine and 79.93 mg of oxymatrine with purities of 95.6, 95.8, 99.6% in one-step separation, respectively.