Evaluation of the photoprotective effect of β-cyclodextrin on the emission of volatile degradation products of ranitidine

• This work presents photoprotection method of ranitidine in a solid state.
• Inclusion complexes and physical mixtures of ranitidine with β-cyclodextrin were used.
• Emission of volatile organic compounds from photoirradiated ranitidine was stopped.
• Modern analytical techniques were employed: FTIR, DSC, 2D-NMR and HS-SPME-GC–MS.
• Physical mixtures with cyclodextrins stop generation of ranitidine photoproducts.

The process of the photo-excitation of ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) in a solid state makes visible changes to its colour and generates an unpleasant odour. The purpose of the present study was to observe the protective effects of β-cyclodextrin (CD) complexation as well as the effect of the mixture of two stoichiometries 1:1 and 1:2 (RAN:CD, IC) on the photostability of samples in a solid state. Samples of inclusion complexes (IC) and physical mixtures (PM) were prepared and irradiated for 48 h in a Suntest CPS+ chamber. Irradiated samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Volatiles were monitored with the use of headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS). The protective effect of CD was noticed with respect to IC, and also PM. Achieved photostabilization of complexed RAN against photodegradation could be explained due to either the inclusion of the furan part of RAN into the CD cavity as shown by the 1H NMR ROESY (rotation frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) spectrum or the screening effect of CD. FT-IR spectra, DSC curves and microscope images of irradiated samples of protected RAN did not indicate any physical changes, such as phase transfer.

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