Multivariate near infrared spectroscopy models for predicting the iodine value, CFPP, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and density at 15 °C of biodiesel

Biodiesel is one of the main alternatives to fossil diesel. It is a non-toxic renewable resource, which leads to lower emissions of polluting gases. In fact, European governments are targeting the incorporation of 20% of biofuels in the fossil fuels until 2020.Chemically, biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, which is usually produced by a transesterification reaction, where the oils or fats react with an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. The European Standard (EN 14214) establishes 25 parameters that have to be analysed to certify biodiesel quality and the analytical methods that should be used to determine those properties.This work reports the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine some important biodiesel properties: the iodine value, the cold filter plugging point, the kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and the density at 15 °C. Principal component analysis was used to perform a qualitative analysis of the spectra and partial least squares regression to develop the calibration models between analytical and spectral data. The results support that NIR spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate calibration, is a promising technique applied to biodiesel quality control, in both laboratory and industrial-scale samples.