Nanoparticles and continuous-flow systems combine synergistically for preconcentration

The exploitation of the singular properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and the well-known characteristics of flow methodologies have led to the development of innovative analytical approaches and applications, opening a new, challenging scenario. The employment of NPs as sorbents in continuous preconcentration systems has become one of the most important applications of NPs and constitutes an excellent example of this powerful combination.This article overviews issues with respect to on-line procedures and NPs as sorbents, namely, the nature of NPs, the immobilization mode, the location of the preconcentration unit in the flow manifold, and applications to a wide variety of samples.

► We highlight combining flow methodologies and nanoparticles for preconcentration.
► We describe different nanotechnological-based preconcentration units.
► We discuss the location of the preconcentration unit in the flow manifold.
► We summarize applications in different sample matrices.