Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing

Graphene has proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for applications in electrochemistry. We review progress in constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors and biosensors. We also discuss:
• different routes for graphene fabrication;
• graphene-modified electrodes and graphene-composite electrodes for sensing, including those based on ionic liquids;
• incorporation of biorecognition elements into graphene-based electrodes; and,
• graphene-supported electrocatalytic nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors.