Pore network model of the cathode catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Analysis of water management and electrical performance

A pore network modeling approach is developed to study multiphase transport phenomena inside a porous structure representative of the Cathode Catalyst Layer (CCL) of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. A full coupling between two-phase transport, charge transport and heat transport is considered. The liquid water evaporation is also taken into account. The current density profile and the liquid water distribution and production are investigated to understand the liquid production mechanism inside the CCL. The results suggest that the wettability and the pore size distribution have an important impact on the water management inside the cathode catalyst layer and thus on the performances of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Simulations show also that Bruggemann correlation used in classical models does not predict correctly gas diffusion.

► We apply the pore network approach to the cathode catalyst layer of PEM Fuel Cell.
► We successfully coupled the two phase transport with the electrochemical reaction.
► The effect of local properties (pore size, wettability) on water management is demonstrated.
► Local liquid water distribution inside the cathode catalyst layer is simulated.
► We identified one of the cathode catalyst layer flooding mechanisms.