Improving the performance of proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells under voltage flicker using Fuzzy-PI controller

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) are two important Distributed Generations (DGs) which are placed usually in microgrids. Microgrids are often connected to distribution networks with high probability of different voltage disturbances due to their weakness. In this paper, performances of both grid-connected DGs are improved under Voltage Flicker (VF).The conventional PI controller of both DGs is decoupled into d-axis and q-axis controllers based on steadiness of grid-voltage to ease the control strategy, which is not valid in the case of VF. As numerical analyses depicted, SOFC DG shows a considerable nonlinear oscillation in its output power under slightly high amplitude VFs while PEMFC DG does not show any significant nonlinearity oscillation. To improve the performances of both DGs under VF, a Fuzzy-PI controller is proposed, while to mitigate the nonlinearity effect of SOFC a small supercapacitor is also suggested which shows satisfactory results. Different VFs are imposed to the grid-voltage in numerical studies. Also, an oscillatory transient is imposed to the grid-voltage to evaluate the performance of the proposed controllers under a typical transient disturbance. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller in comparison with PI controller for both DGs.

► Accurate SOFC and PEMFC DGs are implemented to get accurate dynamic responses.
► PI controllers, cannot regulate output power under Voltage Flickers (VFs).
► Suggesting a Fuzzy-PI controller, the performance of PEMFC DG is improved under VFs.
► A Fuzzy-PI controller with a supercapacitor enhanced the performance of SOFC DG.
► Performances of both controllers under oscillatory transient are also better.