Hetero-arrays of porphyrins and phthalocyanines

Hetero-arrays of porphyrins and phthalocyanines have received considerable attention due to their novel composition, intriguing spectroscopic, photophysical, and redox properties, and potential application in light-harvesting and optoelectronic devices. The tetrapyrrole components, which can be held by covalent and various non-covalent linkages, may exhibit strong interactions through efficient photo-induced electron and/or energy transfer processes. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of this novel class of macrocyclic compounds.