Caregiving processes and expressed emotion in psychosis, a cross-cultural, meta-analytic review

There is not a universal normative EE experience, with cultural variation in the scoring and interpretation of EE existing as evidenced by adjusted cut off scores and conceptualisation of EE constructs. Thus, it is important for clinical practitioners to have an awareness of different cultural norms in relation to caregiving and care receiving behaviours, which can inform adaptations to clinical interventions in multicultural settings.