Comparative mechanical behavior of dentin enamel and dentin ceramic junctions assessed by speckle interferometry (SI)

ObjectiveThe dentin–enamel junction (DEJ) plays a crucial role in dental biomechanics; however, little is known about its structure and mechanical behavior. Nevertheless, natural teeth are a necessary model for prosthetic crowns. The mechanical behavior of the natural DEJ and the dentin ceramic junction (DCJ) manufactured with a CAD-CAM system are compared.MethodsThe reference samples undergo no modification, while the experimental samples were drilled to receive a cemented feldspathic ceramic crown. Longitudinally cut samples were used to achieve a planar object observation and to look “inside” the tooth. A complete apparatus enabling the study of the compressive mechanical behavior of the involved tooth by a non-contact laser speckle interferometry (SI) was developed to allow nanometric displacements to be tracked during the compression test.ResultsIt is observed that the DEJ acted as a critical zone accommodating the movement between dentin and enamel. A smooth transition occurs between dentin and enamel. In the modeled prosthetic, the same kind of accommodation effects also occurs, but with a steeper transition slope between dentin and ceramic.SignificanceOn the natural tooth, the stress accommodation arises from a differential behavior between enamel and dentin from the DEJ. In the ceramic crown, the cemented dentin–ceramic junction should play this role. This study demonstrates the possible realization of prosthetic crown reconstructions approaching biomechanical behaviors.