Occlusal geometrical considerations in all-ceramic pre-molar crown failure testing

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of occlusal geometry of all-ceramic pre-molars, namely cusp angle and associated notch radius, on the scatter of load to failure tests.MethodsForty-five all-ceramic upper pre-molar crowns with three zirconia core thicknesses (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm) were broken on dental implant abutments oriented in three angulations (0°, 15°, and 30°). The crowns were loaded using a 4 mm diameter steel cylindrical bar placed along the midline fissure at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min−1. The scatter of the failure load was evaluated using Weibull analysis. The cusp angle of each crown was critically evaluated to determine the cusp angle and effective radius of the fissure notch root. The relationship between failure load and cusp angle was compared with that between failure load and effective radius as well as notch induced stress concentration by considering R2 values of fitted trend lines with these relationships.ResultsThe fracture load differences either between abutment angulations or zirconia thicknesses were not clearly revealed in this study. Except for the group of 30° abutment angulation, the crowns present high scatter of failure loads with low Weibull modulus. However, a simple dependence between fracture load and effective cusp angle was observed.SignificanceOcclusal geometry is an important issue that affects the degree of stress concentration and should be understood by both technician and clinician for appropriate design and material selection of all-ceramic crowns.