Adhesive resin and the hydrophilic monomer HEMA induce VEGF expression on dental pulp cells and macrophages

SummaryVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, migration and survival. Direct pulp capping with an adhesive resin system was shown to induce local increase in blood vessel density and lack of dentin bridging. However, the mechanisms involved in the increase in blood vessel density observed near the pulp exposures capped with an adhesive resin are largely unknown.Objectives.To investigate the effect of an adhesive resin or one of its hydrophilic monomers (HEMA), in the expression of VEGF by pulp cells.Methods.Mouse odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23), undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21), gingival fibroblasts, and macrophages were exposed to SingleBond (3 M) or to 0–1000 nM HEMA. VEGF expression was evaluated by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results and Significance.VEGF expression was upregulated in MDPC-23 cells exposed to HEMA (p<0.001) or to SingleBond (p<0.018), and in macrophages exposed to HEMA (p<0.001) or SingleBond (p=0.001). In contrast, VEGF expression remained unchanged in undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21), or fibroblasts exposed to either HEMA or Single Bond (p>0.05). Treatment with SingleBond or HEMA did not affect VEGF expression at the mRNA level of any cell type evaluated here, suggesting that the induction of VEGF expression in these cells is regulated primarily at the post-transcriptional level. These findings suggest that VEGF is involved in the regulation of pulp neovascularization observed in response to the application of adhesive resins at site of pulp exposure.