Enhancement of gastrointestinal absorption of quercetin by solid lipid nanoparticles

The aim of the present study is to design and characterize quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (QT-SLNs), clarify the absorption mechanism of QT-SLNs and to evaluate the potential of using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as an oral delivery carrier for poorly water soluble drugs. QT-SLNs were prepared by an emulsification and low-temperature solidification method. The QT-SLNs presented as spherically shaped under transmission electron microscopy, with an average diameter of 155.3 nm. The average drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading and zeta potential were 91.1%, 13.2% and − 32.2 mV, respectively. Drug release from QT-SLNs was fitted to a double phase kinetics model and the equation was as follows: 100 − Q = 98.87e− 0.1042t + 42.45e− 0.0258t. The absorption of QT-SLNs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied using an in situ perfusion method in rats. It was found that the absorption percent in the stomach for 2 h was only 6.20%, the absorption process of intestine was first-process with passive diffusion mechanism, and the main absorptive segments were ileum and colon. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in rats after oral administration of quercetin at 50 mg/kg in the form of either QT-SLNs or suspension. The plasma concentration-time curves were both fitted to a one-compartment model. The relative bioavailability of QT-SLNs to quercetin suspension was 571.4%. The Tmax and MRT for quercetin in plasma were both delayed. Our studies provide evidence that SLNs are valuable as an oral delivery carrier to enhance the absorption of a poorly water soluble drug, quercetin.