Novel load responsive multilayer insulation with high in-atmosphere and on-orbit thermal performance

► Load Responsive MLI dynamically connects spacers supporting integrated vacuum shell. ► LRMLI in-vacuum has 78× lower heat leak than SOFI with 8× mass advantage. ► LRMLI in-air has 18× lower heat leak than SOFI with 1.6× lower mass. ► LRMLI in-air has 16× lower heat leak than aerogel with 5× lower mass. ► LRMLI has higher thermal performance than SOFI or aerogels for insulating cryogens.