Coupling effects of initial stress and scale characteristics on the dynamic behavior of bioliquid-filled microtubules immersed in cytosol

A bioliquid-filled microtubule immersed cytosol under initial axial loading, surface effect and scale effect, where Es,τ,hs represent the surface modulus, the residual surface tension and the thickness of the inner and outer surface layers of the bioliquid-filled microtubule, respectively.