Inverted organic solar cells based on Cd-doped TiO2 as an electron extraction layer

Nanocrystalline Cd-doped TiO2 thin films have been prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that TiO2 and Cd-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films are of anatase phase. The average grain size of TiO2 and Cd-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films was found to lie in the range of 15-18 nm. Solar cells have been fabricated with a device structure of ITO/Cd-doped TiO2/P3HT:PC71BM/MoO3/Al configuration. The power conversion efficiency of the inverted organic solar cell with Cd-doped TiO2 is 3.06% and is higher than that of TiO2 based organic solar cell (2.64%).