The influence of electric field on the interface polaron properties in a wurtzite nitride nanowire

• The effect of electric field on the Fröhlich polaron in wurtzite nanowire is studied.
• The phonon confinement effect on polarons is taken into account.
• The polaron self-energy and effective mass in nitride nanowire is calculated.

The effect of the external electric field on the basic parameters of interface polarons in wurtzite nitride cylindrical nanowire (NW) is studied theoretically by means of Lee–Low–Pines variational approach. The analytical expressions for the quasi-one-dimensional Fröhlich polaron self-energy and effective mass are obtained as functions of the wire radius and the strength of the electric field applied perpendicular to the wire axis. It is found that the main contribution to the polaron basic parameters is from zero-order IO phonon mode. The numerical results on the GaN material show that the polaron self-energy (effective mass) increases with the increase of the electric field and is more sensitive to the field when the wire radius is larger. It is also found that the polaron self-energy in GaN NWs is bigger than that in zinc bland GaAs-based cylindrical NWs. The obtained results will be very useful for further investigation of the optical and transport phenomena related to polaron motion in wurtzite nitride cylindrical NWs, when the Stark effect competes with the spatial quantum confinement and will have significant practical meanings for optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting and laser diodes, ultraviolet photodetector designs and applications.