A simple method for fabricating two- and three-dimensional photorefractive photonic lattices microstructures

We demonstrate an approach for easy fabrication of two- and three-dimensional optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices microstructures in photorefractive crystal by applying spatial filter and amplitude mask. The experimental setup of this method is very simple and flexible without complicated optical adjustment system. It can be applied in almost any optical laboratories. Two-dimensional hexagonal, square and three-dimensional hexagonal nonlinear photonic lattices microstructures have been produced in an iron-doped lithium niobate photorefractive crystal. The period of the induced photonic lattices microstructures can be dominated easily. This method is easily extended to generate more complex photonic lattices microstructures in photorefractive crystals, such as quasicrystal lattice.

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► We demonstrate an approach for easy fabrication of photonic lattices microstructures.
► We fabricate 2D and 3D photonic lattices in LiNbO3:Fe crystal using this method.
► The experimental setup is very inexpensive and flexible.
► The period of the induced photonic lattices can be dominated easily.
► This method can be easily extended to generate more complex photonic lattices.