Dynamic modelling and optimisation of flexible operation in post-combustion CO2 capture plants—A review

• Flexible operation of post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) could potentially address the issues of high energy demand and cost.
• Validated dynamic model of PCC is required to analyse process behaviour during flexible operation.
• PCC without flue gas desulphurisation or denitrification could reduce cost significantly.
• Current dynamic models have only been validated with steady state data, yet to validate with dynamic data.
• Key technical and economic process parameters are essential in feasibility studies of flexible operation.

The drive for efficiency improvements in post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) technologies continues to grow, with recent attention being directed towards flexible operation of PCC plants. However, there is a lack of research into the effect of process disturbances when operating flexibly, justifying a need for validated dynamic models of the PCC process. This review critically examines the dynamic PCC process models developed to date and analyses the different approaches used, as well as the model complexity and their limitations. Dynamic process models coupled with economic analysis will play a crucial role in process control and optimisation. Also discussed are key areas that need to be addressed in future dynamic models, including the lack of reliable dynamic experimental data for their validation, development of feasible flexible operation and process control strategies, as well as process optimisation by integrating accurate process models with established economic analysis tools.